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-rw-r--r--.gitignore1
-rw-r--r--.gitmodules3
-rw-r--r--2020-09-08.md398
-rw-r--r--Makefile38
-rw-r--r--beamer-template.tex518
-rw-r--r--bibliography.bib61
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-rw-r--r--res/Human Computer.jpgbin0 -> 3181522 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/IBM 704 mainframe.jpgbin0 -> 3488808 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/IBM 709 mainframe.jpgbin0 -> 64090 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/IBM 716 line printer.jpgbin0 -> 55486 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/Katherine Johnson at NASA.jpgbin0 -> 3081756 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11.jpgbin0 -> 2073643 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/OS-structure.pdfbin0 -> 11274 bytes
-rw-r--r--res/OS-structure.svg876
-rw-r--r--res/boot.pngbin0 -> 1745698 bytes
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diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
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/build/
diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitmodules
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1[submodule "lua-filters"]
2 path = lua-filters
3 url = https://github.com/pandoc/lua-filters.git
diff --git a/2020-09-08.md b/2020-09-08.md
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/2020-09-08.md
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1---
2title: WTF is Linux
3author: Rémi Nicole <remi.nicole@smile.fr>
4date: 2020-09-08
5slide-level: 2
6aspectratio: 169
7
8theme: metropolis
9colortheme: owl
10beameroption: "show notes on second screen=right"
11
12toc: true
13highlightstyle: breezedark
14lang: en-US
15
16bibliography: ../bibliography.bib
17---
18
19# The Project
20
21## Building a Linux system manually
22
23- This is the Course (You are Here)
24- Using just normal commands
25
26::: notes
27
28Hello
29
30:::
31
32## Building a Linux system automatically
33
34- Practical Work
35- Buildroot
36
37
38## Why
39
40- Linux is everywhere in embedded software
41- Linux is everywhere in the server space
42
43
44# History
45
46## 17th century to 1970s
47
48:::: columns
49
50::: column
51![Human computer at NACA [@wikimedia:human_computer]](../res/Human Computer.jpg){ height=80% }
52:::
53::: column
54![Katherine Johnson working as a Human computer at NASA [@wikimedia:katherine_johnson_human_computer]](../res/Katherine Johnson at NASA.jpg){ height=80% }
55:::
56
57::::
58
59::: notes
60
61- NACA: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
62- "Computer" referred to the person that did mathematical computation
63 / verification
64- Verify trajectories for putting men into Earth orbit
65- Katherine Johnson on the right
66- You can watch the movie "Hidden Figures"
67
68:::
69
70## 1930s-1940s
71
72![Bletchley Park Bombe [@wikimedia:bletchley_park_bombe]](../res/Bletchley Park Bombe.jpg){ width=45% height=80% }
73
74::: notes
75
76- You can watch the movie "The Imitation Game"
77
78:::
79
80## 1950s
81
82::: columns
83
84:::: column
85![IBM 704 Mainframe [@wikimedia:ibm_704_mainframe]](../res/IBM 704 mainframe.jpg){ height=80% }
86::::
87
88:::: column
89![IBM 709 Mainframe [@ibm:ibm_709_mainframe]](../res/IBM 709 mainframe.jpg){ height=80% }
90::::
91
92:::
93
94::: notes
95
96- There are lights and switches
97- Back in the day, there were used to inspect and modify memory / registries or
98 see the executed instructions
99- Already two influential programming languages existed:
100 - FORTRAN (formula translation)
101 - Lisp
102- We can see:
103 - The Operator's Console
104 - The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
105 - The Punch card reader
106 - The Magnetic Tape Unit (for long term storage)
107- Very few "professional programmers"
108
109:::
110
111## 1950s---The line printer
112
113![IBM 716 Line Printer [@ibm:ibm_716_line_printer]](../res/IBM 716 line printer.jpg){ height=80% }
114
115::: notes
116
117- Really shaped the terminal as we know today
118
119:::
120
121## 1969
122
123:::: columns
124
125::: column
126
127Things were pricey:
128
129- Disk 180MB -> 32,000$
130- Commercial compiler -> 100,000$
131:::
132
133::: column
134![Boot [@needpix:boot]](../res/boot.png){ height=80% }
135:::
136
137::::
138
139::: notes
140
141- You could buy a very nice house for 32,000$
142
143:::
144
145
146## 1970s---UNIX {.allowframebreaks}
147
148![Ken Thompson (sitting) and Dennis Ritchie working together at a PDP-11 [@wikimedia:ken_thompson_dennis_ritchie]](../res/Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11.jpg){ height=67% }
149
150::: notes
151
152- He is actually coding using the teletypewriter
153
154:::
155
156\framebreak
157
158- Smaller, for one person[@fosdem:fifty_years_of_unix]
159- They actually used their own operating system
160- Invented C a bit later (1972)
161- Definitely not "free", barely "open":
162 160,000 $ per CPU
163
164Berkeley university made BSD out of it (was called Berkeley UNIX)
165
166::: notes
167
168- Targeted at big companies
169
170:::
171
172\framebreak
173
174- Same OS, different computers
175- Compiler took care of the difference in architecture.
176
177::: notes
178
179- Big advantages when compared to other solutions
180- This made UNIX popular, and by extension the C programming language too
181
182:::
183
184\framebreak
185
186Invented over the years by contributions:
187
188- shell (command interpreter)
189- pipes and filters in shell commands
190- Network file system (NFS)
191- Client/Server Windowing System
192- etc.
193
194## 1980s---GNU (Richard Stallman)
195
1961983:
197: GNU project annouced
198
1991985:
200: Created the Free Software Foundation (helps funding)
201
2021989:
203: Created GNU General Public License (GPL)
204
205Created:
206
207- Text editor (Emacs)
208- Compiler suite
209- Lots of utilities
210
211People could use these tools in different operating system
212
213::: notes
214
215- Frustrated by his printer
216- Internet was widely used in academia
217
218:::
219
220## 1990s---POSIX
221
222- Lots of different "UNIX-like" operating system existed
223- There was no proper definition of what "UNIX-like" meant
224
225## 1991--The Linux kernel (Linus Torvalds)
226
227- Just for fun
228- Needed a license
229
230::: notes
231
232- Got an Intel i386 processor for Christmas
233- Wasn't happy with the OS (he wanted page-based memory)
234- Started writing a kernel, just for fun
235- He was 21 years old
236- The current situation made it possible:
237 - Powerful "cheap" computers
238 - "Faster" internet where you could find information about operating system
239 and hardware architecture
240
241:::
242
243## 1994--Windows NT
244
245Bleurgh
246
247::: notes
248
249- Made the "personal computer" popular
250- Based on a shitty technology from IBM called DOS
251
252:::
253
254## 1990s--Linux gaining popularity
255
256- Free
257- More choice for architecture
258- Real TCP/IP stack
259
260
261::: notes
262
263- Wow, you want to connect to the internet?!
264
265:::
266
267# Command-line primer
268
269## Most commands
270
271```console
272Copies the file "file_1.txt" into "file_2.txt"
273user@host:~$ cp file_1.txt file_2.txt
274 ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^
275 | | |
276 | '-------------'- arguments
277 |
278 '---------------------- command name (verb)
279```
280
281## The prompt
282
283```console
284 ,------ username you are logged in as
285 |
286 | ,---- directory you are in,
287 | | '~' means your user directory
288vvvv v
289user@host:~$
290 ^^^^ ^
291 | |
292 | '--- '$' if you are a normal user,
293 | '#' if you are the root user
294 |
295 '--- name of the machine you are on
296```
297
298## POSIX & GNU conventions
299
300```console
301 ,-------------- long option / flag
302 |
303 | ,-- short option / flag
304 | |
305 vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vv
306$ git commit --message="My commit" -S src/main.cpp
307 ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^
308 | | |
309 | '----------------------------- subcommand or argument
310 |
311 '---------------------------------- command name
312```
313
314# The kernel
315
316## Role
317
318Well, it depends on the kernel
319
320::: notes
321
322Some kernel are very small, some
323
324:::
325
326---
327
328![Monolithic kernel vs Microkernel](../res/OS-structure.pdf){ height=80% }
329
330## The Linux kernel
331
332- Monolithic kernel:
333 - Drivers are in the kernel
334 - File-systems (ext4, fat32, etc.) are in the kernel
335 - Lots of other things
336
337
338## Communicating with the Linux kernel
339
340- System calls
341
342::: notes
343
344- They look like functions in C code, but that's a lie, it's a hardware feature
345 using interrupts
346
347- That's it
348- Kinda
349- We can't have one system call for everything
350 - Different system calls for different types of hardware
351
352:::
353
354. . .
355
356- Everything is a file
357
358::: notes
359
360- We have special files and special file-systems
361 - They look like files, but that's a lie
362 - Reading / Writing to it does *not* read / write to storage
363 - Instead it's like calling a function of the kernel
364- Example with `/proc/cpuinfo`
365
366:::
367
368## Compiling a kernel
369
370Let's do it
371
372## Linux boot process
373
374
375```
376Boot loader
377 |
378 | loads
379 v
380Linux kernel
381 |
382 | launches
383 v
384init (first user process)
385 |
386 | does whatever it wants
387 v
388 ?????
389```
390
391::: notes
392
393- We're not going to talk about the boot loader
394- Example with `htop`
395
396:::
397
398# References
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
1.PHONY: all clean
2
3MARKDOWN_FILES := $(wildcard *.md)
4TEX_FILES := $(patsubst %.md,build/%.tex,$(MARKDOWN_FILES))
5PDF_FILES := $(patsubst %.md,build/%.pdf,$(MARKDOWN_FILES))
6
7.SECONDARY: $(TEX_FILES)
8
9all: $(PDF_FILES)
10
11clean:
12 $(RM) -r build
13
14build:
15 mkdir -p build
16
17lua-filters/minted/minted.lua:
18 git submodule update --init
19
20build/%.tex: %.md build beamer-template.tex lua-filters/minted/minted.lua
21 pandoc "$<" \
22 --from markdown \
23 --to beamer \
24 --template ./beamer-template.tex \
25 --lua-filter ./lua-filters/minted/minted.lua \
26 --biblatex \
27 -so "$@"
28
29build/%.pdf: build/%.tex bibliography.bib
30 cd build; latexmk \
31 -xelatex \
32 -interaction=nonstopmode \
33 -shell-escape \
34 -8bit \
35 -file-line-error \
36 -output-directory=./build \
37 "$*.tex"
38 cp build/build/$*.pdf build
diff --git a/beamer-template.tex b/beamer-template.tex
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index 0000000..c866cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/beamer-template.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
1% Options for packages loaded elsewhere
2\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode$for(hyperrefoptions)$,$hyperrefoptions$$endfor$}{hyperref}
3\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
4$if(colorlinks)$
5\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames,svgnames*,x11names*}{xcolor}
6$endif$
7$if(dir)$
8$if(latex-dir-rtl)$
9\PassOptionsToPackage{RTLdocument}{bidi}
10$endif$
11$endif$
12$if(CJKmainfont)$
13\PassOptionsToPackage{space}{xeCJK}
14$endif$
15%
16\documentclass[
17$if(fontsize)$
18 $fontsize$,
19$endif$
20$if(lang)$
21 $babel-lang$,
22$endif$
23$if(papersize)$
24 $papersize$paper,
25$endif$
26$if(beamer)$
27 ignorenonframetext,
28$if(handout)$
29 handout,
30$endif$
31$if(aspectratio)$
32 aspectratio=$aspectratio$,
33$endif$
34$endif$
35$for(classoption)$
36 $classoption$$sep$,
37$endfor$
38]{$documentclass$}
39$if(beamer)$
40$if(background-image)$
41\usebackgroundtemplate{%
42 \includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{$background-image$}%
43}
44$endif$
45\usepackage{pgfpages}
46\setbeamertemplate{caption}[numbered]
47\setbeamertemplate{caption label separator}{: }
48\setbeamercolor{caption name}{fg=normal text.fg}
49\beamertemplatenavigationsymbols$if(navigation)$$navigation$$else$empty$endif$
50$for(beameroption)$
51\setbeameroption{$beameroption$}
52$endfor$
53% Prevent slide breaks in the middle of a paragraph
54\widowpenalties 1 10000
55\raggedbottom
56$if(section-titles)$
57\setbeamertemplate{part page}{
58 \centering
59 \begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=16pt,center]{part title}
60 \usebeamerfont{part title}\insertpart\par
61 \end{beamercolorbox}
62}
63\setbeamertemplate{section page}{
64 \centering
65 \begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=12pt,center]{part title}
66 \usebeamerfont{section title}\insertsection\par
67 \end{beamercolorbox}
68}
69\setbeamertemplate{subsection page}{
70 \centering
71 \begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=8pt,center]{part title}
72 \usebeamerfont{subsection title}\insertsubsection\par
73 \end{beamercolorbox}
74}
75\AtBeginPart{
76 \frame{\partpage}
77}
78\AtBeginSection{
79 \ifbibliography
80 \else
81 \frame{\sectionpage}
82 \fi
83}
84\AtBeginSubsection{
85 \frame{\subsectionpage}
86}
87$endif$
88$endif$
89$if(beamerarticle)$
90\usepackage{beamerarticle} % needs to be loaded first
91$endif$
92$if(fontfamily)$
93\usepackage[$for(fontfamilyoptions)$$fontfamilyoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$fontfamily$}
94$else$
95\usepackage{lmodern}
96$endif$
97$if(linestretch)$
98\usepackage{setspace}
99$endif$
100\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
101\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
102\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
103 \usepackage[$if(fontenc)$$fontenc$$else$T1$endif$]{fontenc}
104 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
105 \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
106\else % if luatex or xetex
107$if(mathspec)$
108 \ifxetex
109 \usepackage{mathspec}
110 \else
111 \usepackage{unicode-math}
112 \fi
113$else$
114 \usepackage{unicode-math}
115$endif$
116 \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
117 \defaultfontfeatures[\rmfamily]{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=1}
118$if(mainfont)$
119 \setmainfont[$for(mainfontoptions)$$mainfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mainfont$}
120$endif$
121$if(sansfont)$
122 \setsansfont[$for(sansfontoptions)$$sansfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$sansfont$}
123$endif$
124$if(monofont)$
125 \setmonofont[$for(monofontoptions)$$monofontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$monofont$}
126$endif$
127$for(fontfamilies)$
128 \newfontfamily{$fontfamilies.name$}[$for(fontfamilies.options)$$fontfamilies.options$$sep$,$endfor$]{$fontfamilies.font$}
129$endfor$
130$if(mathfont)$
131$if(mathspec)$
132 \ifxetex
133 \setmathfont(Digits,Latin,Greek)[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
134 \else
135 \setmathfont[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
136 \fi
137$else$
138 \setmathfont[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
139$endif$
140$endif$
141$if(CJKmainfont)$
142 \ifxetex
143 \usepackage{xeCJK}
144 \setCJKmainfont[$for(CJKoptions)$$CJKoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$CJKmainfont$}
145 \fi
146$endif$
147$if(luatexjapresetoptions)$
148 \ifluatex
149 \usepackage[$for(luatexjapresetoptions)$$luatexjapresetoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{luatexja-preset}
150 \fi
151$endif$
152$if(CJKmainfont)$
153 \ifluatex
154 \usepackage[$for(luatexjafontspecoptions)$$luatexjafontspecoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{luatexja-fontspec}
155 \setmainjfont[$for(CJKoptions)$$CJKoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$CJKmainfont$}
156 \fi
157$endif$
158\fi
159$if(beamer)$
160$if(theme)$
161\usetheme[$for(themeoptions)$$themeoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$theme$}
162$endif$
163$if(colortheme)$
164\usecolortheme{$colortheme$}
165$endif$
166$if(fonttheme)$
167\usefonttheme{$fonttheme$}
168$endif$
169$if(mainfont)$
170\usefonttheme{serif} % use mainfont rather than sansfont for slide text
171$endif$
172$if(innertheme)$
173\useinnertheme{$innertheme$}
174$endif$
175$if(outertheme)$
176\useoutertheme{$outertheme$}
177$endif$
178$endif$
179% Use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
180\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
181\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{% use microtype if available
182 \usepackage[$for(microtypeoptions)$$microtypeoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{microtype}
183 \UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
184}{}
185$if(indent)$
186$else$
187\makeatletter
188\@ifundefined{KOMAClassName}{% if non-KOMA class
189 \IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
190 \usepackage{parskip}
191 }{% else
192 \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
193 \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}}
194}{% if KOMA class
195 \KOMAoptions{parskip=half}}
196\makeatother
197$endif$
198$if(verbatim-in-note)$
199\usepackage{fancyvrb}
200$endif$
201\usepackage{xcolor}
202\IfFileExists{xurl.sty}{\usepackage{xurl}}{} % add URL line breaks if available
203\IfFileExists{bookmark.sty}{\usepackage{bookmark}}{\usepackage{hyperref}}
204\hypersetup{
205$if(title-meta)$
206 pdftitle={$title-meta$},
207$endif$
208$if(author-meta)$
209 pdfauthor={$author-meta$},
210$endif$
211$if(lang)$
212 pdflang={$lang$},
213$endif$
214$if(subject)$
215 pdfsubject={$subject$},
216$endif$
217$if(keywords)$
218 pdfkeywords={$for(keywords)$$keywords$$sep$, $endfor$},
219$endif$
220$if(colorlinks)$
221 colorlinks=true,
222 linkcolor=$if(linkcolor)$$linkcolor$$else$Maroon$endif$,
223 filecolor=$if(filecolor)$$filecolor$$else$Maroon$endif$,
224 citecolor=$if(citecolor)$$citecolor$$else$Blue$endif$,
225 urlcolor=$if(urlcolor)$$urlcolor$$else$Blue$endif$,
226$else$
227 hidelinks,
228$endif$
229 pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
230\urlstyle{same} % disable monospaced font for URLs
231$if(verbatim-in-note)$
232\VerbatimFootnotes % allow verbatim text in footnotes
233$endif$
234$if(geometry)$
235$if(beamer)$
236\geometry{$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$}
237$else$
238\usepackage[$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$]{geometry}
239$endif$
240$endif$
241$if(beamer)$
242\newif\ifbibliography
243$endif$
244$if(listings)$
245\usepackage{listings}
246\newcommand{\passthrough}[1]{#1}
247\lstset{defaultdialect=[5.3]Lua}
248\lstset{defaultdialect=[x86masm]Assembler}
249$endif$
250$if(lhs)$
251\lstnewenvironment{code}{\lstset{language=Haskell,basicstyle=\small\ttfamily}}{}
252$endif$
253$if(highlighting-macros)$
254$highlighting-macros$
255$endif$
256$if(tables)$
257\usepackage{longtable,booktabs}
258$if(beamer)$
259\usepackage{caption}
260% Make caption package work with longtable
261\makeatletter
262\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
263\makeatother
264$else$
265% Correct order of tables after \paragraph or \subparagraph
266\usepackage{etoolbox}
267\makeatletter
268\patchcmd\longtable{\par}{\if@noskipsec\mbox{}\fi\par}{}{}
269\makeatother
270% Allow footnotes in longtable head/foot
271\IfFileExists{footnotehyper.sty}{\usepackage{footnotehyper}}{\usepackage{footnote}}
272\makesavenoteenv{longtable}
273$endif$
274$endif$
275$if(graphics)$
276\usepackage{graphicx}
277\makeatletter
278\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
279\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
280\makeatother
281% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
282% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
283% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
284\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
285% Set default figure placement to htbp
286\makeatletter
287\def\fps@figure{htbp}
288\makeatother
289$endif$
290$if(links-as-notes)$
291% Make links footnotes instead of hotlinks:
292\DeclareRobustCommand{\href}[2]{#2\footnote{\url{#1}}}
293$endif$
294$if(strikeout)$
295\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
296% Avoid problems with \sout in headers with hyperref
297\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\renewcommand{\sout}{}}
298$endif$
299\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines
300\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
301 \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
302$if(numbersections)$
303\setcounter{secnumdepth}{$if(secnumdepth)$$secnumdepth$$else$5$endif$}
304$else$
305\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
306$endif$
307$if(beamer)$
308$else$
309$if(block-headings)$
310% Make \paragraph and \subparagraph free-standing
311\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
312 \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
313 \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
314\fi
315\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
316 \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
317 \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
318\fi
319$endif$
320$endif$
321$if(pagestyle)$
322\pagestyle{$pagestyle$}
323$endif$
324
325\usepackage{csquotes}
326\usepackage{dirtree}
327\setbeamercolor{section in toc}{
328use=normal text,
329fg=normal text.fg
330}
331\setbeamercolor{subsection in toc}{
332use=normal text,
333fg=normal text.fg
334}
335
336\usepackage{fvextra}
337
338\usepackage[outputdir=build]{minted}
339\usemintedstyle{dracula}
340\definecolor{mybg}{rgb}{0.207843, 0.219608, 0.27451}
341\setminted{bgcolor=mybg,tabsize=4,breaklines}
342
343\setmonofont[ItalicFont={Latin Modern Mono 10 Italic}]{Fira Code}
344
345$for(header-includes)$
346$header-includes$
347$endfor$
348$if(lang)$
349\ifxetex
350 % Load polyglossia as late as possible: uses bidi with RTL langages (e.g. Hebrew, Arabic)
351 \usepackage{polyglossia}
352 \setmainlanguage[$polyglossia-lang.options$]{$polyglossia-lang.name$}
353$for(polyglossia-otherlangs)$
354 \setotherlanguage[$polyglossia-otherlangs.options$]{$polyglossia-otherlangs.name$}
355$endfor$
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358$if(babel-newcommands)$
359 $babel-newcommands$
360$endif$
361\fi
362$endif$
363$if(dir)$
364\ifxetex
365 % Load bidi as late as possible as it modifies e.g. graphicx
366 \usepackage{bidi}
367\fi
368\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
369 \TeXXeTstate=1
370 \newcommand{\RL}[1]{\beginR #1\endR}
371 \newcommand{\LR}[1]{\beginL #1\endL}
372 \newenvironment{RTL}{\beginR}{\endR}
373 \newenvironment{LTR}{\beginL}{\endL}
374\fi
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378\bibliographystyle{$if(biblio-style)$$biblio-style$$else$plainnat$endif$}
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395$if(title)$
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398$if(subtitle)$
399$if(beamer)$
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406\makeatother
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diff --git a/bibliography.bib b/bibliography.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1560d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bibliography.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
1@misc{ wikimedia:human_computer,
2 author = "{NASA}",
3 title = "X-4 program with what Langley engineers called {"Female Computer"} support personnel.",
4 year = "1952",
5 url = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:X-4_with_Female_Computer_(9467782468).jpg",
6}
7
8@misc{ wikimedia:katherine_johnson_human_computer,
9 author = "{NASA}",
10 title = "X-4 program with what Langley engineers called {"Female Computer"} support personnel.",
11 year = "1952",
12 url = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:X-4_with_Female_Computer_(9467782468).jpg",
13}
14
15@misc{ wikimedia:ibm_704_mainframe,
16 author = "{NASA}",
17 title = "IBM 704 computer at NACA",
18 year = "1957",
19 url = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6455009",
20}
21
22@misc{ ibm:ibm_709_mainframe,
23 author = "{IBM}",
24 title = "IBM 709 computer",
25 year = "1957",
26 url = "https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/ibm700series/transform/",
27}
28
29@misc{ wikimedia:bletchley_park_bombe,
30 title = "Wartime picture of a Bletchley Park Bombe",
31 year = "1945",
32 url = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wartime_picture_of_a_Bletchley_Park_Bombe.jpg",
33}
34
35@misc{ wikimedia:ken_thompson_dennis_ritchie,
36 author = "Peter Hamer",
37 title = "Ken Thompson (sitting) and Dennis Ritchie working together at a PDP-11",
38 year = "circa 1970",
39 url = "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ken_Thompson_(sitting)_and_Dennis_Ritchie_at_PDP-11_(2876612463).jpg",
40}
41
42@misc{ ibm:ibm_716_line_printer,
43 author = "{IBM}",
44 title = "IBM 716 Line Printer",
45 year = "1957",
46 url = "https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/701_1415bx16.html",
47}
48
49@misc{ fosdem:fifty_years_of_unix,
50 author = "Jon 'maddog' Hall",
51 title = "Fifty years of Unix and Linux advances",
52 year = "2019",
53 url = "https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/keynote_fifty_years_unix/",
54}
55
56@misc{ needpix:boot,
57 author = "{anaterate (pixabay.com)}",
58 title = "Boots Shoe Hiking Free Photo",
59 url = "https://www.needpix.com/photo/1276416/boots-shoe-hiking-broken-leather-footwear-obsolete-dirty-vintage",
60}
61
diff --git a/lua-filters b/lua-filters
new file mode 160000
Subproject 2f3dd16904f08a7d97ef7f9b6f1d9f4ea6a9ca9
diff --git a/res/Bletchley Park Bombe.jpg b/res/Bletchley Park Bombe.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a7c4c4
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Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/Human Computer.jpg b/res/Human Computer.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e58d479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/res/Human Computer.jpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/IBM 704 mainframe.jpg b/res/IBM 704 mainframe.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c0c119
--- /dev/null
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Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/IBM 709 mainframe.jpg b/res/IBM 709 mainframe.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f63c398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/res/IBM 709 mainframe.jpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/IBM 716 line printer.jpg b/res/IBM 716 line printer.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11c3e16
--- /dev/null
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Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/Katherine Johnson at NASA.jpg b/res/Katherine Johnson at NASA.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df91fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/res/Katherine Johnson at NASA.jpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11.jpg b/res/Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf2c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/res/Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at PDP-11.jpg
Binary files differ
diff --git a/res/OS-structure.pdf b/res/OS-structure.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34d64ff
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generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2025-04-28 16:04:50 +0000